Test Bank Ch1

Test Bank—Chapter One (Data Representation) Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following Boolean operations produces the output 1 for the fewest number of input patterns? A. ANDB. ORC. XOR ANSWER: A 2. Which of the following best describes the NOR operation? A. An XOR followed by a NOTB. An OR followed by a NOT C. A NOT followed by a NOTC. An AND followed by a NOT ANSWER: B 3. Which of the following bit patterns cannot be expressed in hexadecimal notation? A. 11111111B. 1001C. 110011D. 100000000001 ANSWER: C 4. Which of the following is the binary representation of 4 5/8? A. 100. 11B. 10. 11C. 110. 101D. 100. 101 ANSWER: D 5. Which of the following bit patterns represents the value 5 in two’s complement notation? A. 00011010B. 11111011C. 00000101D. 11111011 ANSWER: C 6. Which of the following bit patterns represents the value -5 in two’s complement notation? A. 00011010 B. 11111011C. 00000101 D. 11111011 ANSWER: D 7. In which of the following addition prob lems (using two’s complement notation) does an overflow error occur? A. 0011 B. 0100 C. 1100 + 1010 + 0100 + 1100 ANSWER: B 8. Which of the following representations in two’s complement notation represents the largest value?A. 00000010B. 11111111C. 00000001D. 11111110 ANSWER: A 9. Which of the following bit patterns (represented in hexadecimal notation) represents a negative number in two’s complement notation? A. 7FB. 55C. A6D. 08 ANSWER: C 10. What value is represented by the bit pattern 01011100 when interpreted using floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. -1 1/2 B. 1 1/2C. -3/8 D. 3/8 ANSWER: B 11.Which of the following values cannot be stored accurately using a floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and th e last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 2 1/2B. 3/16C. 7D. 6 1/4 ANSWER: D 121. Which of the following bit-patterns represents the smallest value using the floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 01001000B. 1011000C. 00101000D. 01111000 ANSWER: C 13. Which of the following data storage systems provides the most efficient random access to individual data items? A. Main memoryB. Magnetic diskC. Optical CDs and DVDs ANSWER: A 14. Which of the following storage systems is best suited for storing and retrieving long strings of data that are processed in their sequential order? A. Main memoryB. Magnetic diskC. Optical CDs and DVDs ANSWER: C 15. Which of the following mass storage system does not require physical motion? A. Magnetic tapeB. Magnetic diskC. DVDsD. Flash drives ANSWER: D 16.Assuming that each of the following bit patterns originally had even parity, which one contains an error? A. 10110100B. 11000011C. 00011000 D. 10001001 ANSWER: D 17. How many errors per pattern could be corrected when using an error-correcting code in which any two code patterns differ by a Hamming distance of 8? A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6 ANSWER: A 18. Which of the following is a possible LZW compression of the message â€Å"xyz xyz xyz†? A. 1234B. 1234545C. 232D. 12 ANSWER: B 19. How many different symbols can be encoded using Unicode? A. 256B. 4,096C. 65,536D. 1,046,476 ANSWER: C 20.Which of the following systems is least efficient when encoding numeric values? A. Two’s complement notationB. Excess notation C. ASCIID. Floating-point notation ANSWER: C 21. Which of the following is a means of encoding music? A. ASCIIB. MIDIC. JPEGD. GIF ANSWER: B Fill-in-the-blank/Short-answer Questions 1. A computer’s main memory consists of numerous memory cells, each of which contains ________ bits. Each memory cell is identified b y a numeric value called the cell’s _________. ANSWER: eight, address 2. Represent the bit pattern 1011010010011111 in hexadecimal notation. ________ ANSWER: B49F 3. A7DF is the hexadecimal representation for what bit pattern? ____________ ANSWER: 1010 0111 1101 1111 4. How many different bit patterns can be formed if each must consist of exactly 6 bits? ____________ ANSWER: 64 5. Translate each of the following binary representations into its equivalent base ten representation. A. 1100__________ B. 10. 011__________ C. 0. 01 __________ D. 10001__________ ANSWER: A. 12 B. 2 3/8 C. 1/4 D. 17 6. Rewrite each of the following values (represented in base ten notation) in binary notation. A. 7__________B. 23__________ C. 2 1/4 __________ D. 5/8__________ ANSWER: A. 111 B. 10111 C. 10. 01 D. 0. 101 7. If the patterns 101. 11 and 1. 011 represent values in binary notation, what is the binary representation of their sum? ____________ ANSWER: 111. 001 8. Using a two’s complemen t notation system in which each value is represented by a pattern of six bits, represent the value 3. ____________ ANSWER: 000011 9. Using a two’s complement notation system in which each value is represented by a pattern of six bits, represent the value -3. ____________ ANSWER: 111101 10.What is the largest positive integer that can be represented in a two’s complement system in which each value is represented by eight bits? ____________ ANSWER: 127 (represented by 01111111) 11. In a two’s complement system, what value is represented by the pattern 11111111111111001? ____________ ANSWER: -7 12. When using two’s complement notation, what bit pattern represents the negation of 01101010? ____________ ANSWER: 10010110 13. What value is represented by each of the following patterns in excess notation? A. 10000 ____ B. 0110 ____ C. 1011 ____ ANSWER: A. 0, B. -2, C. 14. Using an 8-bit floating-point format in which the most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa, write the bit pattern that represents the value 1 3/4. (Use normalized form. ) ____________ ANSWER: 01011110 15. What is the largest value that can be represented in a floating-point system in which each value is encoded by a byte whose most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? ___________ ANSWER: 7 1/2 (represented as 01111111) 16. Which of the following addition problems cannot be solved accurately when using a floating-point system in which each value is encoded by a byte whose most significant bit is the sign bit, the next three bits represent the exponent field in excess notation, and the last four bits represent the mantissa? A. 2 1/2 + 1 3/8B. 3 1/2 + 4 1/2C. 7 + 3/4 ____________ ANSWER: A, B, and C 17. The following is an error-correcting code in which an y two patterns differ by a Hamming distance of at least three. Symbol Representation A 000000B 001111 C 010011 D 011100 E 100110 F 101001 G 110101 H 111010 Decode each of the following patterns 010011 ________101010 ________011000 ________101101 _______ ANSWER: C, H, D, F 18. How many errors in a single code pattern could be corrected when using an error-correcting code in which each code pattern is a Hamming distance of at least seven from any other code pattern? ____________ ANSWER: 3 19. The following is a message that was originally encoded so that each pattern had odd parity. Circle the patterns in which an error has definitely occurred. 0110101 11110000 10010010 00000000 11111111 00001000 00111101 ______________________________________ ANSWER: Second, fourth, fifth, and sixth 20. Data compression techniques apply various principles to reduce the size of data. One, called _______________________, avoids repeating long strings of the same data item. Another, called _____________ __________, encodes the difference between consecutive blocks of data rather than encoding each block in its entirety. Still another, called _________________________, uses short bit patterns to encode frequently occurring items and longer patterns to encode less frequent items.ANSWER: Run-length encoding, relative encoding, and frequency-dependent encoding. Vocabulary (Matching) Questions The following is a list of terms from the chapter along with descriptive phrases that can be used to produce questions (depending on the topics covered in your course) in which the students are ask to match phrases and terms. An example would be a question of the form, â€Å"In the blank next to each phrase, write the term from the following list that is best described by the phrase. † TermDescriptive Phrase bitBinary digit Boolean operationAND, OR, XOR, NOT addressA numeric value used to identify a memory cell exadecimal notationAn efficient way of representing bit patterns sectorA segment of a track in a mass storage system zoned-bit recordingA means of increasing the storage capacity of a magnetic disk system bufferA storage area used to hold data on a temporary basis, often as a step in transferring the data from one device to another ISOAn international organization for establishing standards ANSIA major standardization organization within the United States ASCIIA system developed by the American Standards Institute for encoding text. lip-flopA digital circuit capable of holding a single digit two’s complement notationA means of encoding whole numbers floating-point notationA means of encoding numeric values that may involve fractions truncationAn error that may occur when using floating-point notation pixelA small part of an image GIFA means of compressing an image file by restricting the number of colors availableJPEGA means of compressing images by blurring the boundaries between different colors while maintaining all brightness information UnicodeA mea ns of encoding text in which each symbol is represented by 16 bits LZWAn example of adaptive dictionary encoding MIDIA means of encoding music in terms of notes and instruments rather than actual audio Key fieldA part of a logical record in a file used to identify the record. VLSIA means of constructing complex circuitry in a very small space.General Format Questions 1. Describe how a computer can produce an incorrect answer when performing numerical computations even though it has not malfunctioned. ANSWER: Most students will probably refer to overflow and truncation errors. 2. Describe ho the concept of Hamming distance is used to produce an error-correcting code. ANSWER: By designing a code in which each pattern has a Hamming distance of n from any other pattern, patterns with fewer than n/2 errors can be corrected by replacing them with the code pattern that is closest. . a. What is the output of the circuit below? [pic] b. In general, how does the three-bit input pattern across the top of the diagram relate to the circuit’s output? ANSWER: a. 0 b. The output is 0 if the input parity is odd; the output is 1 if the input parity is even. 4. If the input and output bit patterns in the circuit below are interpreted as binary representations of numeric values, what operation does the circuit perform? [pic] ANSWER: The circuit subtracts one (except for the case of the input being 000). . Explain why such terms as kilobyte, megabyte, and gigabyte have acquired double meanings. ANSWER: The prefixes kilo, mega, and giga are used traditionally to refer to units measured in powers of ten. However, due to the early misuse of the prefix kilo in reference to units of the size 1024, these prefixes are now often used to refer to units that are powers of two—especially when referring to the capacity of main memories. 6. Convert the following addition problem into two’s complement notation using four bits per value), perform the addition, convert the an swer back into base ten notation, and explain the results. 6 + 3 ANSWER: In two’s complement notation the problem is to add 0110 and 0011. The sum is 1001 which translates to -7. This answer is incorrect due to overflow. 7. Under what condition is each of the following data compression techniques most effective? a. Run-length encoding b. Relative encoding ANSWER: a. Compresses most when data consists of long strings of the same entry. b.Compresses most when each block of data differs little from the previous block. 8. What is frequency-dependent encoding? ANSWER: Frequency-dependent encoding is an encoding system that uses short bit patterns to represent data items that occur most often and longer patterns to represent less frequently occurring items. The result is that entire blocks of data can be represented in less space than would be required if each data item were represented by the same size bit pattern. 9. Construct the entire two’s complement scale in which eac h value is represented by three bits.ANSWER: 3 011 2 010 1 001 0 000 -1 111 -2 110 -3 101 -4 100 10. To what does the term â€Å"normalized form† refer in the context of floating-point notation? ANSWER: Normalized form refers to a standard for positioning the bit pattern within the mantissa field. Many values can be represented in floating-point notation by different bit patterns, only one of which is in normalized form. Hence, restricting representations to normalized form assures that each value is represented by a unique pattern. 11.Explain why the final version of the dictionary need not be transmitted with a message encoded using LZW compression. ANSWER: The dictionary can be constructed during decompression in the same way it was constructed during compression. 12. Among the Boolean operations AND, OR, EXCLUSIVE OR, and NOT, which is least like the others? Explain your answer. ANSWER: There is not really a right or wrong answer. The student’s explanation is the m ost important part. Most students will probably answer NOT because it has only one input whereas the others have two. 3. If a term paper consisted 42 pages, each containing 40 lines of 100 symbols each (counting each space as a symbol), was to be encoded using Unicode, how many bytes of storage space would be required? ANSWER: 336,000 bytes (168,000 symbols times 2 bytes per symbol) 14. Explain why adding only a few characters to a text file may increase the file’s size by several hundred bytes and at other times may not increase the file’s size at all. ANSWER: File space is allocated in terms of physical records, each of which is several hundred bytes in size.Thus, the size of a file grows by physical record units rather than by byte size units. 15. In a two’s complement system, what value can be added to any other value without causing an overflow? How many values in the system have this property? Explain your answer. ANSWER: Adding the value 0 to any other va lue will not produce an overflow. However, if m is the largest positive integer that can be represented in the system, then any value in the range 1 to m will produce an overflow when added to m, and any value in the range -1 to -( m + 1) will produce an overflow when added to -( m + 1).

Knowledge and experiences Essay

I am a reliable person. I am organized and I do plan things ahead of time. I do not want to do things unprepared. I can work well with others. I can easily adjust to new environments and I have a personality that can go along with different types of people. I know how to communicate well and I am known for being a team player. I always communicate with my team to avoid misunderstanding. I always make it a point not work for myself alone instead I aim for mutual cooperation to achieve the goals and objectives of the team. In terms of work attitude, I am a very responsible person. I can work alone and I do have the initiative who can work with less supervision. When I work, I do not leave things until it is almost perfectly done. I always give best in everything that I do. I work with my heart and I work steadily and consistently. I am also an outgoing person and love to go on new ventures to learn more. It is my way of broadening my knowledge and experiences. I learn lessons from my new discoveries. I am very active and energetic and love social works. I am very sensitive to the needs of others. I can be a very good friend and I love making friends with people. Many like me too as I know how to listen to them. I have always been considered by my friends as loyal and trustworthy in fact I am a confidante to many of my friends. I am also honest and see to it that I speak only of the truth because I would like others to be honest to me too. I don’t go much with night activities. I am a morning person. I love to do things during day time and venture on nature activities rather than taking night life.

A Breakdown of the Hiring Method of an Organization

A Breakdown of the Hiring Method of an Organization The recruitment procedure will start after a full evaluation of the need for the post as well as strategic plans, and the budget has been finished. The recruitment policy should consider the need for fresh ideas and approaches. It should ensure a diverse workforce by planning to employ groups that are not represented adequately in the company. This will be achieved by placing job advertisements in the minority ethnic press, the women’s press and other types of publications targeting the under-represented (Armstrong, 1999). The company will add statements in the advertisement that seek to encourage under-represented groups to apply for the advertised posts. Any new or modified position will be officially assessed and graded before advertising it so as to maintain equal wages for work of equal value After completing a post evaluation, the vacant position will be advertised. All positions will first be advertised within the company. This is essential so as to maximize equality of opportunity and offer existing staff a career growth. The vacant post will afterward be advertised externally through media such as newspaper and online. Adequate details will be provided to the applicants so as they can make an informed choice. Selection Policy Internal as well as external candidates should be evaluated in a neutral way using the selection criteria set out and the only candidate who possess the required specifications should be shortlisted. All managers will be involved in shortlisting candidates to avoid any possibility of bias, but the HR Manager will be in full control. All candidates will be questioned based on the individual specification. Once the short listing process is over, it should be handed to the HR service department. The shortlisted candidate will be contacted by emails or telephone and given information about the selection procedure including any interviews. Shortlisted candidate will be given a notice five days working days before the interview to allow them to participate fully in the selection procedure. The interview process will be carried out by at least two individuals. One individual will be the Company recruiting manager. Notes should be taken during the interview to record relevant points of the process. This will be used to refer when evaluating candidates and making decisions. Notes on a candidate recorded during the selection procedure should be submitted to the HR department. These notes will be stored for at least six months after the selection procedure. Candidates who fall short of the interview will be handled courteously and sensitively. They will be notified about the selection procedure results via telephone or a written letter. A reference check will be carried out before making an offer to the applicant. Before conducting the reference check the selection panel needs to familiarize thoroughly with the details provided by the applicant such as application, resume or work experience. Recognize areas that need verification particularly work experience. Telephone calls will be made to one or more referees provided by the candidates. Since most employers are not allowed to give information without permission, the selection committee will send signed applicant release and Disclosure consent form. The question will be noted in advance; highlighting the details that need verification or explained further. Employment checks will be conducted where the successful applicant will be required to provide proof of identity The successful candidate will also provide actual certificates of qualifications The successful candidate must complete a confidential health questionnaire to prove suitability in working for cloth making company.

Geology and the Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geology and the Environment - Research Paper Example The paper outlines the perspective of using solar power as the future source of energy, compared to coal-mining industry. As the world gets bigger, as economies get larger, as the human population increases, the demand for energy also amplifies. Everyone wants the maximum amount of energy that can be produced; over the centuries, man has found numerous ways to bring power into their lives, ranging from combustion of fossil fuels, to wind power. This essay will compare and contrast two of these possible energy sources, coal with solar energy, and attempt to find out which source produces energy in the most effective and desirable way. Solar power is more environmental friendly as compared to power released from coal, in terms of the physical effects it has on the environment. As mentioned earlier, solar power is generated using only radiation from the sun; we receive sunlight every single day on earth, and solar panels only have to capture this radiation and convert it into power to u se. Generating power using coal, however, requires coal to be dug out from the ground. There are several ways of extracting coal from the ground, including strip mining, surface mining, open pit mining, mountain top removal. These types of mining inflict tremendous amount of damage to the environment since they involve the complete destruction of all trees, mountains, rivers, anything that is in the vicinity of the coal mine. Mining for coal can also lead to the pollution of the air and water bodies near the coal mine. (Shah, 2011); toxic materials from the mining process can get washed away into rivers or lakes that are near the mining site ("Coal," page 8). Also, the removal of trees can lead to increased chances of landslides and subsidence ("Coal," page 4). All in all, the process of extracting coal leaves behind a barren, ugly landscape, whereas solar power is generated in a way that does not harm the physical environment. Solar power also means no more grid systems (Whitburn, no date). Solar power can be generated using solar panels that are attached onto the roofs of houses, there is no need to be connected to electrical grids to receive power. This feature of solar power is particularly useful to the people living in isolated areas far away from electrical grid, since it means they no longer have to face the problem of "frequent power-cuts," and expensive electricity, (Whitburn, no date). Indeed, this "transmission infrastructure," is the  "major culprit  behind skyrocketing electricity prices"; also, reliance on off-grid solar power means that the 7 - 10%  line loss  that occurs as power is being transmitted along the power lines, can be avoided, (Land use: Solar Power Vs. Coal Fired Electricity Generation, 2010). Energy produced by coal however, does require the support of grid systems to transfer it to people. How do people working in the coal mining and solar

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Case Study - Essay Example about Vioxx’s lack of significant side effects. FDA is also legally liable for not requesting and analysing Vioxx’s safety from Merck’s clinical trials. Merck is ethically and moral responsible for ensuring that health care practitioners are aware of Vioxx’s use. According to Lawrence, Weber and Post (263), Merck’s failure to divulge the drug’s potential to increase blood pressure was motivated by the need to gain a competitive advantage over the manufacturers of VIGOR. This was due to fact that VIGOR had less potential for aggravating high blood pressure in its users. Lawrence, Weber and Post (162) cite the need for FDA to appear as a functional agency despite the United States’ increasingly lacklustre performance in producing noticeable and economically drugs over the last decade in pharmacology. This makes the FDA a significant stakeholder in Merck’s success with Vioxx, which made it susceptible to errors of omission and collusion. FDA’s mandate to authorize and approve new drugs into the US market makes it a legally responsible for any damages that might have been caused by Vioxx. Merck is also legally liable as the originator and supplier of drug with questionable side effects. Not only does Merck and FDA took part in actions that serve to break the set out laws in the constitution, but they also go against societal morals and ethics. The fact that Vioxx’s sale and distribution was halted only in the US, and continued in other countries is ethically

Recent Supreme Court decisions 2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recent Supreme Court decisions 2014 - Essay Example The court of appeal of California declined the petition and affirmed that the police officers had right to stop and search the vehicle since they had sufficient suspicion that deduced them to investigate the vehicle. The officers did not violate the fourth amendment and they supposed the vehicle driver was intoxicated with marijuana. The fourth amendment grants police officers powers to stop a person or vehicle and conduct a brief investigation if they have perception that the person is criminal suspect. The police tip off by the caller of 911call gave the security officers sufficient reasons to stop and investigate the vehicle that resembled the one occupied by the petitioners. The claimed reported by the 911 caller of a vehicle running another vehicle on the road was sufficient reason by the security officers to suspect the occupants of the car were drunk. Therefore, the judge of the California court of appeal affirmed the trial court’s decision that security officers acted reasonably by suspecting the petitioners of drunken driving. In this case, the respondent was young, a victim of sexual abuse who had been engaged in production of phonographic video at a tender age. At the age of seventeen years she discovered her image was continuing to circulate in the internet thus perpetrating the abuse she went through. Paroline the petitioners accepted the liability of being in possession of victim’s photographic images. The victim requested for three million dollar as restitution for the lost revenue by trading with her image and five-hundred thousand dollars future treatment and counselling expenses. The Supreme Court held that the victim was entitled to restitution to the extent of the loss she was caused by the offender. Also, the court added that the government had an obligation to determine the loss suffered by the victim. Therefore, the payment of restitution by the offender to the victim was declared

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Communication in business - Essay Example The multi-billion dollar corporation has various large stores spread across the United States and Canada. Wal-Mart Corporation on average has managed to attain a net profit of more than $3 billion USD. Wal-Mart has thousands of employees under its payroll. Wal-Mart, the largest private employer in the United States defines the standards of the retail industry in terms of the suppliers and employers. It is important for a large corporation like Wal-Mark to ensure that it satisfies its customers cater for its employees, and when it comes to the environment and the community, it should observe corporate social responsibility. As much as Wal-Mart Corporation has strived to ensure that it puts its mantra of â€Å"save money, live better† into action, there have been occasions in which it has let down its consumers, employees, the environment and community. This is through poor management and neglect of mission and social responsibility on the side of the managers. In essence, Wal-M art Corporation has put more effort in increasing profit for its shareholders than fulfilling corporate social responsibility. This paper examines how Wal-Mart Corporation has performed in terms of social, corporate responsibility. Wal-Mart and its employees A number of individuals, community groups and employees’ labor unions have expressed mixed feelings regarding the welfare of employees in Wal-Mart. In most cases, the welfare involves salary and wages, working conditions, safety, training and holidays. Employee salaries and wages have been a major issue on the debate in that employees’ labor unions, have asserted that Wal-Mart pays its employees a less than average living wage while it makes billions of profit (Lichtenstein, 2006: 2). Additionally, the payments made by Wal-Mart, as salaries and wages to its employees are way low expectations of the retail industry. Wal-Mart also offers less over-time working hours since their normal working hours are 34 hours a wee k while, on the other hand, its competitor only offer an average of 32 hour a week. This means that if an employee works over time he or she will not get the advantage of working for the two extra hours. Wal-Mart as a retail store makes a lot of profit, which fails to reflect on the salaries of its employees. Working conditions in Wal-Mart are not conducive enough since the company partly violates the â€Å"National Labor Relations Act† and the specification of basic human rights through â€Å"International Labor Organization†. There are many complaints regarding the harsh working conditions in Wal-Mart through intimidation, threats and firing of employees. Moreover, some complaints have been filed in court against Wal-Mart. In accordance with the â€Å"National Organization for Women† (NOW), Wal-Mart Corporation has demonstrated discriminatory practices against its employees, and thus it is a â€Å"Merchant of Shame†. Women have been on the forefront fig hting against the widespread gender discrimination in Wal-Mart Corporation (Walmart Watch, 2011: 6). Wal-Mart has gone to the extent of failing to pay its employees their hard-earned salaries. This case occurred in 2002 when more than 30 lawsuits claiming millions of dollars belonging to employees filed against Wal-Mart. The lawsuits entailed Wal-Mart forcing some employees to work during their breaks, illegally deleting employees’ time sheet and forceful working during off the clock working hours. Wal-Mart collaborated with managers and supervisors in

The Concept of Cultural Diversity is Society Assignment

The Concept of Cultural Diversity is Society - Assignment Example As Jane Elliott's "Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes" experiment teaches, there are many criteria of distinction like racism and prejudice. Racism and Classism which are inextricably tied together are the two most common criteria of conceptualization of social class. David Wellman defines racism as a "system of advantage based on race." (Wellman1977). Color is the other main criterion that determines the social class and this may well be defined as the diction made between people on the basis of the color of their skin. The power of the money that one owns also determines the social class of the person and thus we have the rich and the poor. In modern society we see the rich becoming the richer and the poor the poorer. All these elements go into the making up of the social classes. A. Two of the basic distinctions that we find in the social class system are that of race and ethnicity. These are the two major kinds of class discriminations that we face in modern society, especially in the US. Racial group and ethnic group, often considered as the same, have many similarities as well as differences. Before we make the detailed distinction between the two, let it be remembered that any kind of distinction made on the basis of race and ethnicity is the most harmful situation in the world today. The "Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes" experiment of Jane Elliott teaches us how important it is to rise above the barriers of such distinctions made on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, and so on. Nobody is more privileged than others on the basis of the color of the skin, the ethnic group or the particular race or class one belongs to. Let us also remember the great voice of Martin Luther King who pleaded for the racial equality of all the people. "History is cluttered with the wre ckage of nations and individuals who pursued [the] self-defeating path of hate." (Sklar 1997). There are striking similarities between racism and ethnicity. A racial group is one that is distinguished from that of other groups on the basis of some well defined and salient features of its own. This type of classification is a general categorization on the basis of color and other types of distinction. On the other hand, when we speak about an ethnic group, we are particularly identifying the distinction based on the individual cultural aspect of that community or group. The members of an ethnic group identify themselves on the basis of their descent, ancestry, and lineage. They have a distinction on the basis of the culture, religion, language and other characteristics. Thus, in the racial discrimination of the Blacks from the Whites, we see the racial group formula working out. In the case of particular ethnic group existing on its own to sideline the other cultural, national, and racial groups we find the distinction based on the individual ethnicity. The impact of these diff erences whether it is racial or ethnic begins even at a very young age. The racial caste system is a way of life that subjugates one race of the community to another. Jim Crow was such a racial caste system and under this system, the Afro-Americans were treated as the second class citizens.  

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Philosophy - Essay Example The above explanation is the reason why it is possible for a person to know for certain that what he is doing is morally correct. This is true if we view morality through the criteria required by reason and not from the point of view of religion or culture. Reason and conscience are universal concepts and they allow people to clearly understand and feel that there are some acts that are inherently good regardless of the perspective one is coming from. For instance, harming another person or killing him without any valid or justifiable reason is immoral. No one can dispute that, the case is as clear to any human being capable of thinking. It does not take a complicated analysis to know whether one has committed goodness or a moral act. If one helped a person in need, who in his right mind would suggest the possibility that it could be immoral? This is especially true as the person helping knows his motivations and intents. Morality maybe a concept and some may argue that it could be d ifficult to quantify or exactly prove. However, it is real as much as happiness is or love, anger and grief. One cannot hold them and say, there is nothing here so it may be it is true to you but not for me or I cannot see it, therefore, it might not exist. These concepts, though intangible, exist as truths in themselves and nobody can dispute them.

Public and Government approach in mosquito control programs Essay

Public and Government approach in mosquito control programs - Essay Example It will discuss the effectiveness of the programs, their advantages and disadvantages with regard to how they are implemented. It will also outline the prevalence rates of mosquito born diseases in Queensland especially with reference to Ross River Virus and others. Finally, it will provide some recommendations on how the programs can be designed and who to include in implementation process making them more efficient in future. Mosquito control programs in Queensland have been developed in the past and are still being developed to eradicate mosquitoes in homesteads, houses, hospitals and other public places. The programs are drafted and implemented by the Queensland authorities together with health care providers, local councils and the public in general. The problem has however been the rate at which members of the public are accepting and adopting these programs. The communities do not appreciate these programs and they instead use their own knowledge on how they can control and manage mosquitoes in their homes. They have resorted to buying treated nets, repellents and other pesticides to keep mosquitoes off. The programs from the government although being taken in are a second fiddle especially considering the fact that people don’t take them seriously Surveillance of any disease is the first line of defence against the disease2. In the recent years, there have been many cases of ‘imported diseases’ to Queensland especially from Asia and Africa. This is a setback against the fighting against the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Various groups are currently promoting the idea of disease surveillance in Queensland. A group based in the area by the name Tropical Population Health Networks Communicable Diseases Control Centre is working with communities and local government officials to make sure that all immigrants do not ‘infect’ the mosquitoes in Queensland

Morality and Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Morality and Utilitarianism Essay Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that an action is right if it produces, or if it tends to produce, the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action. Otherwise the action is wrong.  This cost-benefit analysis is a form of utility calculation. People in business theory use utility curves to plot the results of various actions, choosing those that maximize whatever it is that they wish to achieve. This utility approach is not foreign to most people. It is widely used in many forms of general decision making and can be applied to moral issues as well as to strictly business issues. A defense of utilitarianism as an ethical theory is that it describes what rational people actually do in making moral decisions. It explicitly formulates for them the procedures they intuitively and spontaneously use in moral reasoning. The theory renders explicit what is implicit in the ordinary moral reasoning and argumentation that we ourselves use Utilitarianism adopts a teleological approach to ethics and claims that actions are to be judged by their consequences. According to this view, actions are not good or bad in themselves. Actions take on moral value only when considered in conjunction with the effects that follow upon them. Act utilitarianism holds that each individual action, in all its concreteness and in all its detail, is what should be subjected to the utilitarian test. Rule utilitarians hold that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather than to given individual actions. Thus, by looking at the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past, we can determine that breaking contracts is immoral. One objection claims that utilitarianism is ungodly because it proposes utility, rather than the Bible or God, as a basis for moral judgments. A second objection frequently brought against utilitarianism is that no one has the time to calculate all the consequences of an action beforehand. A third objection to utilitarianism is that we cannot know the full results of any action, nor can we accurately weigh the different kinds of good and evil that result. The calculation is artificial and not practical. 1.Accurately state the action to be evaluated. 2.Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action. 3.Consider whether there is some dominant, obvious consideration that carries such importance as to outweigh other considerations. 4.Specify all the pertinent good and bad consequences of the action for those directly affected, as far into the future as appears appropriate, and imaginatively consider various possible outcomes and the likelihood of their occurring. 5.Weigh the total good results against the total bad results, considering quantity, duration, propinquity or remoteness, fecundity, and purity for each value (kind of good and kind of bad), and the relative importance of these values. 6.Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as for society as a whole. 7.Sum up all the good and bad consequences. If the action produces more good than bad, the action is morally right; if it produces more bad than good, it is morally wrong. 8.Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions. 9.Compare the results of the various actions. The action that produces the most good (or the least bad, if none produces more good than bad) among those available is the morally proper action to perform Bribery in business is an interesting kind of action to examine from a utilitarian point of view, because those who engage in bribery frequently justify their actions based on something similar to utilitarian grounds. Utilitarianism, far from being a self-serving approach to moral issues, demands careful, objective, and impartial evaluation of consequences. It is a widely used—but often misused—approach to moral evaluation. A powerful tool of moral reasoning, it is a technique well worth mastering. An Airplane Manufacturing Case An airplane manufacturer has spent a great deal of money developing a new airplane. The company badly needs cash because it is financially overextended. If it does not get some large orders soon, it will have to close down part of its operation. Doing that will put several thousand workers out of jobs. The president of the company bribes a foreign minister to insure the purchase of the planes, arguing that the good done overall justifies the use of bribery.

Teacher Certification Essay Example for Free

Teacher Certification Essay The whole issue of teacher certification is one of great importance and when discussed must be done in a delicate and thoughtful manner. The reason for this increasing importance is because the education of our nations teachers is important to the creation of an ideal education system, which is one of the goals of our national government and State governments. Over the years the whole educational reform movement has become an increasingly hot topic. Reforms in the administration of school systems and in curriculum theory and practice have been asked for and a4re currently being put into effect. Recently, reform of the education of teachers is being added to the lo9ng list of reforms needed. Many reform activists feel that direct changes need to be made on the methods of training and certifying the teachers of our country. Before looking at the reform movement, however, one must first look at the so called problem of inconsistency in teacher certification. In our country today there is a general consistency among the requirements for state certification of teachers. Most states require their teacher institutions to establish a teacher education program that includes coursework and fieldwork. The coursework includes those courses that prepare a student to become a professional teacher and those classes that include major and minor fields of specialization. Fieldwork, which is probably the most important of the two forms of requirements, involves the individual interested in being a teacher going out and observing, practicing, and preparing to enter the educational world as an instructor. There is no argument that all schools in every state has these basic requirements of teacher certification. However, the inconsistency lies within how the numerous institutions go about in teaching these requirements. Each post-secondary school is given the jurisdiction to choose how they are going to go about meeting these basic teacher certification requirements. For example, many states require a different amount of field hours. An inconsistency can also be seen in the various models of teacher education that are used throughout the nation. Two education researchers, Howey and Zimpher conducted a study on this variety of models in 1989. They came up with three different attempts of teacher training. The first, known as the teachers college model, involves certification students entering a separate school within a university that is a teachers college. The second approach is called the liberal arts model by the researchers, and is a method that requires and individual to become specialized in a certain liberal arts subject in order to create capable and cultured human beings. The third and final model discussed by Howley and Zimpher is entitled the competency-based model. This method trains individuals in the arts o motivation and understanding. As one can see by this case study, there have been a variety of approaches to teacher certification. An inconsistency can similarly be detected by looking at the various new and innovative ideas in teacher education. Among these include the alternative route, a topic discussed earlier, and the five-year degree program, and issue to be discussed shortly in this section. Altogether, one could state that there is some inconsistency in teacher certification, and this inconsistency brings about a small problem in the educational spectrum of our world. In my opinion, there is no national and universal set of requirements for teacher certification. The variety of different methods and forms of teacher education programs is causing an inconsistency in how teachers are being trained nationwide. When this is realized, the whole issue of reforming teacher certification becomes very relevant to our society. As stated earlier, reforms in the training of future teachers are beginning to really be requested by the general public. Various groups have met to discuss the various issues surrounding the reform movement. Among the most notable are the Holmes Group, the Association of American Colleges of Teacher Education (AACTE), the Education Commission of the States (ECS), and Goodlads group. These various groups and many others have come up with a variety of reforms and new standards that most likely should and will be integrated into the current teacher certification requirements. One certain similarity that all of these recommendations have with each other is that they all call for higher regulations and an increase in the education of future teachers. Many of the group0s called for an increase in providing individuals knowledge on the profession of teachi8ng, and some groups also called for a more intense training in the various fields under a liberal arts education. Increases in the amount of fieldwork required seems to also be a major issue discussed by the reform groups. The issue of selection under standardized testing was also discussed, with respect to increasing the required SAT/ACT or GRE scores. Finally, the research groups came up with various new ideas involving the creation of professional teaching schools or tiered systems that would require a teacher to go through more training even after they received their bachelors degree. All in all, these reform groups have come up with some very unique and interesting ideas to change teacher certification for the better. It is the best interest of our nation to make changes in our current teacher education program, for, in this case, change would be for the better. To conclude, I would like to take a brief but in depth look at an innovative idea established by the Maine State Department of Education in conjunction with the University of Southern Maine. This program, entitled the Extended Teacher Education Program, involves future teachers continuing on for a fifth year after completing their undergraduate studies. This fifth year involves the individual taking part in internships. These internships give the future teachers a chance at more fieldwork in order to gain more experiences before they become full fledged teachers. Nonetheless, the results of the initial year of the program seem to indicate that the idea around this new program is a successful one. Those individuals who took part in the program obtained various skills and understandings that all ideal teachers should have. The excellent outcomes of this program leads one to believe that it might be a good idea to implement this structure nationwide. The idea of creating professional schools for teachers has become a popular one in recent times. After all if doctors and lawyers have to go to a professional school, then shouldnt teachers as well? In conclusion, the issue of teacher training and certification brings up many questions, especially in reference to reforming. The inconsistent and somewhat outdated education of teachers today needs change, in order to create an ideal educational system. Numerous reforms have been discussed and recommended by various research organizations and now is the time to take action and implement some of these reforms before our education systems continue to fall downwards into the depths of degradation. Change I needed and change must come now.

Product Design of a Fran Blade

Product Design of a Fran Blade 1. Manufacturing Concepts 1.1 Product Design Specification of fan blade To effectively develop a Product Design Specification for the Fan Blade, we need to firstly define the basic functions of the Fan blade. The basic function of a fan is to cause effective air flow in a room and this should be accomplished for a long usage of several years at varying rotations per minute. The quality of fans is rated by their performance in moving the air effectively and quietly. This is monitored by such factors as the pitch, length, and number of ceiling fan blades, and their revolutions per minute (rpms).The angular edges of the ceiling fan blades are termed as the pitches which are particularly important for the effective movement of the air. The shape enables the blade to apply pressure to the air in front of it and thus the air is forced downwards. Thus the important specifications required for our component would be: Effective Air Flow Low Noise levels No Wobbling Durability Light weight for low power consumption Should not get rusted. Aesthetics Low cost The higher the pitch the more is the replacement of air. Good quality ceiling fan blades have a pitch of 12-14 degrees. Blade pitches as low as 8 or 10 degrees leads to poorer performance and thus lower Air flow and higher noise levels. While the short ceiling fan blades with minimum pitches can swirl at high speeds, they do not make for much air circulation and they are noisier than the types of fans with longer blades and higher pitch though they rotate more slowly. One of the issues people sometimes find with their ceiling fans is wobbling. While many people may think that the wobbling is caused by the motor, this is usually not the case. The wobbling of the fan is usually caused by blades that are out of weight alignment. This is due to the use of warped, bent, or unmatched blades. Another reason for wobbling is that the blades may not have been screwed into the brackets straight. Aesthetics are very important in the design of a ceiling fan as the color and design need to live up to the looks of the place of installment. Different materials like solid wood, cross-laminated veneer and less-expensive veneered constant-density boards are used to render the ceiling fan blades a smart and contemporary look. This also may include a metal finish, or a wooden looks. Contrast or reversible ceiling fan blades are another innovative addition to the whole range of ceiling fan blade designing. Ceiling fans usually are not replaced for many a years at a stretch. Thus they are expected to be durable to withstand long usage at varying speeds. Though some designs of fan blades may consume low power at the cost of low air flow, a better design would include the use of a low weight material for the fan blade. Rusting of metallic fan blades can cause unevenness in the balancing of the fan blades because of change in weight and it also will affect the durability. Thus the blades need to be coated effectively with paint to prevent oxidation of the fan blades. 1.2 Wooden and Plastic blades in comparison with Aluminum blades The most widely used materials for making ceiling fan blades are Wood, Plastic and Metal. We have decided on using an aluminum blade for our fan, but let us also consider the other materials too. Wood had been traditionally used as it is a light weight material that is easily available. It also can be carved elegantly to add beauty to the aesthetics of a home. It is known that the conventional blade of a ceiling fan is made of plywood or solid wood. In the manufacturing procedure, such a blade needs to go through many processing steps such as cutting, planing, multi polishing, finishing, painting and printing or covering with printed paper, etc. Moreover, each blade must finally be weighed and three or four blades of the same weight must be selected as a set for the packing operation. Therefore, the whole processing procedure for a wooden blade is quite labor-intensive and time-consuming, and therefore very expensive. The wooden blades are made of longitudinal strips of wood that have their sides laminated together. Due to the thermal cycling and operational stress, the laminated wooden blades may crack along the length of the blade. Under such impact the blade could separate into one or more pieces and send harmful missiles about a room. The plastic blade comprises a blade frame made by injection molding or die casting a commercially available tensionable plastic or fabric. This method of making fan blades greatly reduces manufacturing time and expense. The assembled blade also has a controllable weight error falling within a tolerable range so that the weighing and selecting procedures performed before packing can be greatly simplified. The blade frame is mass produced by plastic injection molding. The blade plate can be pre-printed with various colors and designs, and then mass cut by a cutter, whereby the production speed is greatly increased. Moreover, the blade frame and blade plate can be assembled by means of a specific assembling machine in a factory or assembled outside a factory by contract so that production can be greatly increased with less labor. Thus the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. The blade has a total weight which is 40-50% that of a conventional wooden blade. Therefore, the power of the b lade-driving motor can be reduced according to the reduced weight. Therefore, the cost of the motor as well as of the blade is lowered. Blades for conventional ceiling fans have been manufactured from numerous materials in a variety of shapes and sizes. Generally, the environment in which the ceiling fan is intended to operate is a significant factor in accompanying drawings, the selection of the material for the blade composition. Rigid materials such as wood or plastic are commonly used on fans intended solely for indoor use, but are prone to warping when subjected to long-term outdoor use due to the extreme fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Thus aluminum blades which are made from aluminum casting seem ideal for outdoor usage. 1.3 Suitable manufacturing process The wooden blades are made from a number of materials and are given a wide variety of finishes. The natural wood and painted blades are made from solid wood, cross-laminated veneer (plywood), and less-expensive veneered constant-density board. The finishes include natural, appliance white, cherry wood, oak, walnut, burled camphor, bleached oak, white, faux granite, rosewood, black, high luster, colors, and many more. Many processing steps are involved such as cutting, planing, multi polishing, finishing, painting and printing or covering with printed paper, etc. Thus the making of a wooden blade seems more laborious and time consuming. From our Product design specification, the wooden blades satisfy the conditions of being light weight, rust proof and having high aesthetic value. But it is not durable as wood might absorb moisture, and this may cause unevenness in the balancing of the blades. Using a plastic blade is considered safer then using a metal or wooden one, this way you dont need a shroud over the blade. Unlike wooden blades, a plastic blade is made by Injection molding process and its production is not laborious and time consuming. The whole plastic blade can be made of one piece, unlike a wooden blade which is mostly an assembly of wooden pieces glued together. Due to the lower material and manufacturing costs and the ease with which they can be mass produced, one-piece molded plastic fans of both the impeller and centrifugal or blower types are being used as air circulating means in numerous appliances such as hair dryers, automobile heaters, refrigerators. Even though such fans are relatively small and light, it is nevertheless desirable that they be dynamically balanced to within accurate limits. The method used for obtaining dynamic balance has involved the molding of a test fan in each mold cavity, testing these molded fans for dynamic balance and thereafter machining away material from selected areas of the mold surfaces thereby to increase the weight of the portions of the fan formed by these areas to obtain a balanced weight distribution. The plastic blade is quite useful as it satisfies most of the Product design specifications. But it cannot be said to be durable as the plastic may warp due to higher temperatures thus affecting the balance of the blades. Thus we see that a metal blade made from aluminum is ideal as it is durable and can be placed outdoors to without being rusted. 2. Mechanical Principles The design proporsal is as follows. The Aluminum blades are supported on a strong plastic plate at the bottom. They are fixed together by two tightly fixed screws one behind the other. The plastic plate is in turn connected to the hub of the fan by two screws. The weight of the Aluminum blade is supported on the plastic plate. They are a total of four blades fixed symmetrically to the hub. 2.1 Mechanical principles relating to the Aluminum Blade Our design of the Ceiling fan with four aluminum plates would have the following mechanical principles acting on it. Force acting downwards due to weight of aluminum blade. Radial force when the fan is in rotating. Normal force of the plastic plate acting upwards Normal force of pushing air down acting up wards. Tangential normal force from the bolts to the Aluminum blade, which causes rotation Torque acting on the bolts due to the weight of the Aluminum blades. 2.2 Analysis For an aluminum plate of dimensions 14cm ÃÆ'- 2.5cm the area of the plate is approximately 35cm. The thickness of the plate is around 0.1 cm. Therefore the volume of the Aluminum blade would be 3.5cm^3. The density of Aluminum is 2.7 gm/cc. Therefore the weight of each Aluminum blade is 9.45gm The RPM at which fans are usually expected to rotate is around 80-220 rpm or 8.37-23 radians per second The radial forces acting on the aluminum blade is F = m?2r where m is the mass of the aluminum blade, ? is the angular velocity and r is the radial distance of the center of mass of aluminum blade from the vertex. The radial distance of the center of mass of the aluminum blade to the center point of the hub = Hub radius + Â ½ length of blade = 6cm +7cm = 13cm Thus the maximum radial force for 23 radians per second = 0.65 N The weight of the aluminum plate is = 0.092 N The Aluminum plate is connected to the plastic plate by 2 bolts. Suppose we use a M2 bolt made of low or medium carbon steel, fully or partially annealed. The Ultimate tensile strength is 1176N The Ultimate shear strength can be approximated by Therefore the Ultimate shear strength is = 882 N The Shear stress acting in the radial direction t = F/[dÃÆ'-(t1+t2)] = 162500 N/ For calculating the Shear stress acting in the tangential direction, we write the moment equation for the bolt. Therefore the Shear stress on the bolt acting in the tangential direction is = = 26750 N/ Now to check for the effect of fatigue on the bolt, we check the S-N curve for Carbon steel. It is to be noted that after = 560N The tensile strength acting on the bolt is much lesser and thus there is no problem of the bolt breaking due to fatigue. 2.3 Effects of Analysis on Design procedure We thus see that the radial force acting on our blades is much more than the weight of the aluminum blade acting downward. It is also more than the tangential stress acting on the bolt. It is also observed that due to the small size of our fan, even one bolt can support each blade. But for balance sake we shall change the design to place the bolts symmetrically across the radial center line from the hub to the blade. Thus a three bolt joint would help create better stability and would prevent wobbling conditions. Since we are using Aluminum blades over plastic blades, we can try to reduce cost by including three blades instead of four. The effect of adding an extra blade does not increase the air flow much, so the fourth blade can be avoided. 2.4 Effect of Final design on Manufacturing/Material Since we have decided on using a 3 bolt joint to fix the blade to the plastic plate, the position of the plastic plate can be shifted on above the aluminum blade for better aesthetic values. It is also clear from our analysis that bigger fan blades can be used for better performance without compromising on the fear of fracture. We could make the baldes from plastic, as it would reduce the cost and make the manufacturing process easier, but it would risk deformation. Since we are looking for using durable blades that can be used in outdoor conditions too, we shall neglect the use of wood and stick to using aluminum as our blade material. 3. References Thomas Cartwright (2005), Fan Blade, Publication number: US 2004/0047735 A1. Norton, Robert L (2006), Machine Design-An Integrated Approach, Pearson Prentice Hall. Leigh A. Junkin (1992), Fan Blade, US Patent 5,110,261, Google patents. Kuo-Neng Chien (1994), Ceiling Fan Blade, US Patent 5,338,156, Google patents. GarrettD.Euler (2002), Standard Metric and USA Bolt Shank Dimensions, available at http://euler9.tripod.com/bolt-database/23.html> [26th April] Dane Roger, Patricia (2001), Eye on Design, Washington post. Roy Beardmore (2010), Bolted Joint Design, available at http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Screws/Bolted_Joint.html > [25thApril] H.W. Hayden, W.G. Moatt, and J. Wulff (1965), Structure and Properties of Materials John Wiley Sons. Robert B Gelbard, (1964), Mold for molding dynamically, US Patent 3,136,001, 1964 Google Patents. Brydson, J (1999), Plastics Materials, Butterworths 9th Ed. 2

Native American Rights, Federal Government Plenary Power and Land Takin

Native American Rights, Federal Government Plenary Power and Land Takings Abstract Native Americans are entitled to the same Constitutional protections that guard other citizens from federal government infringement. Plenary power and the accompanying seizure and use of indigenous land bases have violated the rights of Native Americans and demonstrated the inability of the federal government to manage Indian affairs. The United States should give ownership and control of original, non-privately owned land bases back to tribes. This course of action would end treaty violation, compensate tribes for land takings, prevent bureaucrats from implementing policies that obstruct the ability of Native Americans to participate in their religion, and prevent the serious cultural loss that may occur if the government continues to use Native American land for self-interested purposes. Although the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 formally made Native Americans United States citizens, Native Americans currently lack the legal protection that guards other citizens from federal domination (Custo and Henry X). The core democratic concepts of "fairness, justice, and consent of the governed" have not yet been fully realized for tribal people, despite their citizenship (Wilkins 20). As stated by Helen Hunt Jackson, a noted author and social reformer, treatment of Native Americans has "outraged principles of justice" (Custo and Henry 40). Native Americans, "wards" of the federal government, are locked "in a grossly inequitable, politically dependent relationship," in which governmental infringement and injustice are the norm. (Williams 27). The current policy of federal plenary power over Indian tribes and the confiscation and desecration of I... ...iverse. (21 Jan. 2001). Martin v. Waddell. 41 U.S. 367. U.S. Supreme Court. 1842. LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe. (21 Jan 2001). Northrup, Jim. Rez Road Follies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation v. United States. 419 U.S. 901. No. 73-2062. U.S. Supreme Court. 1974. LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe. (20 Jan. 2001). Wilkins, David. American Indian Sovereignty and the U.S. Supreme Court: The Masking of Justice. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997. Wood, Mary. "Protecting the Attributes of Native Sovereignty: A New Trust Paradigm for Federal Actions Affecting Tribal Land and Resources." Utah Law Review (1995). LEXIS NEXIS Academic Universe. 8 Jan. 2001. Wunder, John. Retained by the People: A History of American Indians and the Bill of Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Journey into Self in Nicola Griffith’s Ammonite and Nancy Springer’s L

Journey into Self in Nicola Griffith’s Ammonite and Nancy Springer’s Larque on the Wing   Ã‚  Ã‚   Let your soul roam free. Discover your true self.   Play with your inner child.   Share the memories of your ancestors.   Understand your parents.  Ã‚   Have total self control. Open yourself up and peer inside.   These are accomplishments most humans will never achieve, but Nicola Griffith’s Marghe from her novel Ammonite and Nancy Springer’s Larque from her novel Larque on the Wing are able to do all of these things and more. They are accomplished not simply through careful, quiet reflection, but from action, adventure and danger which drive them to the point at which they must adapt and grow or lose themselves forever.   Both women are fully grown at the time of their respective adventures, both have struggled through puberty and young adulthood, and have already â€Å"come of age† in so many words,   and both are strong individuals who seem relatively happy with their work and their lives.   However, because of the conflicts they are thrown into, they receive the chance to understand themselves more fully.   Marghe and Larque’s adventures and misadventures open up possibilities for them to look deep within themselves and discover who they truly are-to remember their pasts, gain insights into their personalities, and to fully realize their potential as human beings.   All of these things combine to paint exciting stories which give the reader greater insight into the human mind and a chance to explore gender roles in ways unavailable to us in our day to day life.   Ã‚  Ã‚   For Marghe, her stay on Jeep was supposed to be short, a trip to study the people and their society, but once she realized that she would be spending the rest of her life there, sh... ...natural and healthy.   Both authors have presented a view of gender in which having specific â€Å"male,† or â€Å"female† qualities is unimportant, and what matters is exploring all of your potentially human qualities.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Marghe and Larque unexpectedly embark on quests to learn more about themselves, and what they discover is more than they had ever thought possible.   They connect with their pasts, discover hidden desires, and gain insights and abilities which cause them to grow exponentially.   They discover who they truly are.   Truth with a capital â€Å"T.†Ã‚  Ã‚   As Lark proclaims near the end of the novel as she battles her mother in a battle of the wills heightened by their psychokinetic powers, â€Å"I am ME!†Ã‚  Ã‚   (Springer, 1994)    Works Cited Griffith, Nicola. Ammonite. Toronto: Ballantine Books, 1992. Springer, Nancy.   Larque on the Wing. New York: Avon Book, 1994.

A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy Essay -- Exploratory Essay

A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy One of the most hotly contested issues inside and outside of biomedical ethics today is abortion. The discussion received a new impetus at the release of the controversial abortion drug RU-486, "a pill to increase access to abortions and let women get them privately from their own doctor instead of facing shouting protesters at clinics."2 As is the case with all controversial issues, there are very passionate people on both sides of the fence. Unfortunately, a heated discussion on abortion can easily and quickly turn into a battle of rhetoric rather than a dialectic of reason. But the guiding light in such a discussion must always be reason, not rhetoric or other fallacies, for only reason can solve this issue and judge which side is correct. In this brief essay, I shall attempt to clear away some of the confusion present in typical abortion debates by cooling the rhetoric with reason enlightened by scientific facts. Specifically, I will examine two common pro-abortion arguments made by Mary Anne Warren and Judith Jarvis Thomson and demonstrate that they cannot stand up to rational scrutiny and therefore fail to justify abortion. I shall also use a "quadrilemma" argument similar to that of Peter Kreeft's to show that, aside from all specific argumentation, abortion cannot be morally justified. Before even beginning to discuss the issue of abortion, it is imperative to agree upon a starting point from which to reason. The fact that some people differ even about this very point tends to render the pro-abortion and the anti-abortion paradigms somewhat "incommensurable," and this is probably one major reason why people are tempted to arrive at different conclusions about this ... ...ilure is equal to an unwanted pregnancy due to rape is nothing short of ridiculous. The sexual act by nature tends towards pregnancy, i.e., that is the natural purpose of the sexual act, and any woman who engages in this act voluntarily, with or without contraception, thereby willingly opens herself to pregnancy. 20 Wilcox, "Nature as Demonic," 468. 21 Wilcox, "Nature as Demonic," 468f. 22 M. LeRoy Sprang and Mark G. Neerhof, "Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy," Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 8 (1998): 745. 23 Sprang and Neerhof, "Banning Abortions," 745. 24 Cf. Peter Kreeft, Making Choices: Practical Wisdom for Everyday Moral Decisions (Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Publications, 1990), 119-21. 25 One might object that "abortion is morally neutral" is another possibility, but that which is morally neutral is morally permissible. A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy Essay -- Exploratory Essay A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy One of the most hotly contested issues inside and outside of biomedical ethics today is abortion. The discussion received a new impetus at the release of the controversial abortion drug RU-486, "a pill to increase access to abortions and let women get them privately from their own doctor instead of facing shouting protesters at clinics."2 As is the case with all controversial issues, there are very passionate people on both sides of the fence. Unfortunately, a heated discussion on abortion can easily and quickly turn into a battle of rhetoric rather than a dialectic of reason. But the guiding light in such a discussion must always be reason, not rhetoric or other fallacies, for only reason can solve this issue and judge which side is correct. In this brief essay, I shall attempt to clear away some of the confusion present in typical abortion debates by cooling the rhetoric with reason enlightened by scientific facts. Specifically, I will examine two common pro-abortion arguments made by Mary Anne Warren and Judith Jarvis Thomson and demonstrate that they cannot stand up to rational scrutiny and therefore fail to justify abortion. I shall also use a "quadrilemma" argument similar to that of Peter Kreeft's to show that, aside from all specific argumentation, abortion cannot be morally justified. Before even beginning to discuss the issue of abortion, it is imperative to agree upon a starting point from which to reason. The fact that some people differ even about this very point tends to render the pro-abortion and the anti-abortion paradigms somewhat "incommensurable," and this is probably one major reason why people are tempted to arrive at different conclusions about this ... ...ilure is equal to an unwanted pregnancy due to rape is nothing short of ridiculous. The sexual act by nature tends towards pregnancy, i.e., that is the natural purpose of the sexual act, and any woman who engages in this act voluntarily, with or without contraception, thereby willingly opens herself to pregnancy. 20 Wilcox, "Nature as Demonic," 468. 21 Wilcox, "Nature as Demonic," 468f. 22 M. LeRoy Sprang and Mark G. Neerhof, "Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy," Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 8 (1998): 745. 23 Sprang and Neerhof, "Banning Abortions," 745. 24 Cf. Peter Kreeft, Making Choices: Practical Wisdom for Everyday Moral Decisions (Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Publications, 1990), 119-21. 25 One might object that "abortion is morally neutral" is another possibility, but that which is morally neutral is morally permissible.

Chapter 7 Mcgraw Hill Pertinent Questions Answers

Pertinent Questions Chapter 7 31. How did the Embargo affect the election of 1808, and what was the response of the new president to diplomatic problems that the Embargo had addressed? The Embargo created a depression on the nation and gave merchants the impression that Jefferson was acting unconstitutionally. Therefore, in the election of 1808, the Federalists ran stronger than before. Even though the Republicans won the presidency, Madison understood that the Embargo was a political liability and eventually removed it. Instead, he passed the Non-Intercourse Act, which told Britain and France that if either of them were to violate the United State’s rights as a neutral country, they would immediately oppose that country until they agreed. 33. What was Tecumseh's attitude toward the treaties previously negotiated between the United States and various Indian tribes? How did he plan to prevent the expansion of white settlements? Tecumseh believed that the negotiations were all void since the land belonged to all of the tribes. He thought that in order for the United States to actually gain the land, they would have to consult all of the tribes. Tecumseh knew that in order to prevent the Americans from expanding, the Indian leaders would have to unite their cause. 35. Why did Americans want to wrest control of Florida from the Spanish? What attempts were made to do this before 1812? Which attempts were successful, and which failed? The South wanted to gain control of Florida in order to gain valuable ports. Florida also ran through rivers, making it suitable for transportation and agriculture. In 1810, some settlers obtained the fort at Baton Rouge. Madison annexed the territory and then planned to gain more Floridian land. The attempt to gain more land from Florida was unsuccessful until later in time. 40. Why did New England oppose the War of 1812? Prior to 1814, what did the New England states do to hinder the war effort? The Federalist mainly occupied New England, though the party was diminishing. They opposed the war because gaining new land would increase the Republican Party’s power. Their opposition resulted in hopes of secession and even the Hartford Convention. At times, Federalists even celebrated British victories. 41. What caused the leaders of New England to regard the War of 1812 as a threat to their future as a meaningful force in the United States? What did they propose to remedy this situation? If the Republicans won the War of 1812, they would then expand their country, showing their power in the position of the government. The Federalists, now a diminishing power, were afraid of their loss in the force of government, thus planning the Hartford Convention. The convention served to ‘protest’ against the Republican’s gaining of power and discussed the right of nullification and even hinted at secession. However, it was to no avail. 42. What effect did the Hartford Convention have on the Federalist Party? The Convention brought together the Federalist Party in sharing ideas. Their plans to go against the Republican Party and their demands were planned in the Hartford Convention. The unsuccessfulness of the war almost improved the Federalists’ chances at power. However, when the news came of Jackson’s victory, their plans at the convention seemed futile, showing the defeat of the Federalist Party. 43. What was the background to peace negotiations at Ghent? What did both sides initially demand, and why did they finally agree on the terms they did? Both sides were tired from the war and gave up their previous strong demands. The United States, realizing that Britain had little reason to interfere with the commerce because of Napoleon’s defeat, did not push Britain to give up impressments or Canada territory. Britain, exhausted and in debt from the wars, did not push to have an Indian buffer state in the Northwest Territory. Negotiations were weak and hastily drawn up.

The Media: Misinterpretation of reality

The media has a portentous crook over the populace since it was first ceremonious as an institution. Particularly the countersign media, media has had its determine in context of use a rafts agenda, centeringing the attention of plurality to specified productions as well as shaping the publics suasion atomic number 18 among the well documented influences he ard by the newsworthiness media1. Aside from feeding the public intercommunicateation most public affairs, the media do better(p) in its ability to impose peck which issues atomic number 18 suppositious to be definitive. The media does this by placing emphasis on peculiar(prenominal) issues.In a much concrete setting, newspapers memorize readers which issues atomic number 18 to be significantly regarded by placing stories in designated places. Top stories or privateness stories are placed to be the nigh significant issues while other stories placed after it are simply rendered as less important or significant than the front page stories. Newspapers admit a multitude of cues approximately the salience of the topics in the insouciant news rendered in the daily news. For the television scene, the emphases on which stories are supposed to be important are manifested in the length of time devoted to the news tosh.With the amount of power an institution as the media has, there is to question whether this power is taken advantage of. In the competitive cosmos of news media, gaining readership is a tedious task. With issues on investment returns and the solecism for readership, there are arising doubts as to whether the news media re t show up ensembley feeds bundle with the essential information or they finagle the stories to able for readership and even capital gains. In this paper, we sh in all put accent on evidences that apprise that the news does non reflect cosmos but complicateds it.A look at media sensationalizingOne of the apparent(a) manife place of medi as tendency to composite creation and original stories lies in its nature of sensationalizing2. This could be drawn from the 2004 elections. According to Mackin, the media experienced sort of frenzy in attempting to stay updated for the election3. Assessing the accomplishment of the media, it did non quite fairly frustrate the elections well. The media has a tendency to focus on the scandal and personalities involved that it forgets to look and m fossil oil into the genuine issues. This is one of the manife post that news could obscure true stories. The media has a tendency to average high schoollight parts of the story without world able to render other sides of the story which may give clearance and sense to the issue.Essentially there are al counselings much issues take uped to be reported on, how constantly, the media has its take in diagonales when it comes to the coverage of a news item or issue. The media fundamentally has two cases of biases3. The firs type of bias is when the media does not focus on the more important issues. The second is that the bias which is geared towards objectivity.Media is prejudice when it comes to veering forward from the really issue in track that it does not clarify issues as intensively as they should be. If accusations are directed, the media does not render to investigate more in the issue. The focus of the media is to present to the public the accusations made and the personalities involved. 2Joyce Milton, The yellowness-bellied Kids distant correspondents in the heyday of yellow journalism, harper & Row, New York, 1989. 3 Mackin, Meaghan, Media sensationalizing 2004 election, 2008.t walk outher are occasions where the root cause is not as heavily mentioned as they should. Media tends to sensationalize center more on the infringes created rather than the causes. During the 2004 elections, the media were more focused in holding the current on polls, character and appearance of the candidate s. They did not bring too much focus on the covering the issues which are supposed to be addressed during elections. The nature of the media to sensationalize issues adheres to the account that news has a tendency to obscure reality than presenting it as it is. The media in this case is driven to present issues highlighting on scandals and personalities.Although the institution is driven by the entreat reflected upon the mountain, the essence of what a book media should in the first place is mazed. The media more than presenting the latest public affairs to the people should in any case be responsible in looking more and analyzing factors underlying the issues. As people demand for the latest headlines come the need to be unfeignedly assured as well. An individual not rightfully informed would be able to participate rightfully in with the issues at hand.Since the media is the venue where people gather information, the expectation ranges too high with the credibility and tr uthfulness of the news or information. However, certain cases prove that news pictured by media were inappropriate to the specific setting it must be relayed. Being a powerful venue to generate feedback and to pass on opinion through information dispersal and training to the larger scope of the population, news envisioned by media, in slightly cases unfortunately bears unfruitful information. Furthermore, news to some extent does not guarantee its truthfulness and reliability at all time. For instance, much(prenominal) circumstance in untruthful account is present to the depiction of occidental weed media to Africa.Being the cradle of man kind, it appeared to achieve its interdict height due to news astir(predicate) savagery the people were engaged into. These thence gave the continent a face which all(prenominal) people worldwide mocked off and defamed. envisioned as Dark Continent, westwardern people are encouraged to consider that nothing good will ever emerge d in its soil. Many in the West bought this negative impression due to the misdealing of insurance coverage to the continent and to the African people.According to Iyinbo4, the Western reportage is always directed to the act of Africa as having a single entity discouraging the heterogeneousness of tribes and cultures enriching the continent. For instance, the icon of aid epidemic (Southern and easterly Africa) wars, drought and starvation (Central and Eastern Africa) oil disasters (Niger-Delta, Nigeria) Muslim extremist (the North and automobile horn of Africa) bombings in Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa) The Great Migration (Kenya) all furuncle down to a continental issue regardless the specificity of them to different parts of Africa.Although mass media impacts greatly in resolving crises disaster in the continent, more issues were put into incorrect perspective which apparently reproved more problem-solving strategies. Under the current dispensation, the outlets of the ir mass media misrepresentation of Africa and Africans are dire belittling the people, undermining their accomplishments, destroying their self-esteem and heritage. It does in addition, albeit inadvertently, provide arms to bigots (on all sides). It does not herald well to incense the situation with mis- and disinformation all in the name of meshings or ratings5.4 Iyinbo, O., Misrepresentation of Africans and the role of Western media. The aware Constituent, 2007.5 Iyinbo, O., 2007.News and Reality 5Moreover, the present connotation to mass media especially in news inform becomes increasingly negative since many media stations offer whole entertainment and gives biased and untruthful news6 (Loud, 2006). This trend defeat the design of new reporting as it veers away to the responsible information gathering, interpreting and disseminating. The conflict arises when the most popular news stations claim that they are unbiased and are often times not. As a defence, they tend to rea son-out that unbiased reporting is confining impossible.Another problem with the news reporting safe nowadays falls grimly to the misinterpretation of facts by news reporter and personnel. There are some intentional misinterpretations pull by news reporters for the purpose chiefly of reporting safe and evading conflict regarding a specified issue. This can be best explained on the case of reporting somewhat the pressing and present condition about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( aid).Considering the belaboured scientific search of researchers and scientist to credence help more fine including its various symptoms and realities, media conveyance tend to discourage such intents. As it is presented and described in a subtle manner, the portrayal of its real grim is avoided to be known by the mass populace.In 2007, a Kaiser survey returned results that showed a mere 15 percent of those polled were in person c oncerned with becoming human immunodeficiency virus substantia tive (a 9 percent drop since 1997). Where once men and women considered AIDS a prestigious and serious encounter, they now consider the bane to be outside of their realm. This major breakage in the perception of the AIDS threat, as many academicians worried, will only change the problem.6Loud, C., Whats Wrong with the Media?, 2006.News and Reality 6It can be argued that this change in perception is instantaneously related to scientific advances in the field. AIDS previously was considered to be a demise warrant for anyone who apportiond to contract HIV in one way or another.However, it is also arguable to say that this change of perceptions is the consequence of the recent depictions of HIV/AIDS in mass media. Media tend to reinforce the nous that the infirmity can be beat and would not kill those who contract it. This misinterpreted depiction given the risk and seriousness of incurable HIV/AIDS was manifested in the hit play Angels in America.Although it was turned into an HBO mini-series which was highly-acclaimed, the shell matter greatly failed to educate and inform many on HIV or AIDS. Its timeliness magnificently hit American popular culture in notification accurately the history of AIDS it did not instil any sense of education to the viewer since it only dealt with the idea that Instead, it human will battle anythingeven the physical.Another typeface of romanticized strategy to attack AIDS is when portrayal o the disease came with a major Broadway blockbuster entitled RENT. It only portray Bohemian New Yorker in 1980s that having the expense of AZT (a popular drug which fights HIVs attack on the body) can make the victim submissive to sing without a sense of real urgency or impending doom. Although it portrayed during the time that AIDS is incurable, the viewers were left(p) with the same massage of hope that the disease played no urgent risk to the populace. The reality of the disease is downplayed despite it almost being a character unto itself in the film.The more recently examples can be seen in a few commercials and ad rivulets made such resurgence of gratify in the AIDS philanthropy. In contextual American popular culture,throwing a distinction fighting against AIDS through charity in the news is presumed to be the genuinely best solution to counter AIDS.Even grander range bearing the slogan If one of us has AIDS, all of us have it. or popularly known as the We all have AIDS fly the coop. gave only an harmonic look to the impending death disease. The unforgettable yet ineffective way of the campaign is viewing the action in a bold statement composed for the most part of celebrities, politicians and religious leaders.Essential to consider is the fact that AIDSs portrayal to mass media only resulted to the exploitation of celebrity and commodification of the disease. The misleading securities industry tool manages to earn through the portrayal without the benefit of necessarily spreading sentiency or education. Instead of placing a wise to(p) person who is living with the disease in front of the camera, marketers commodify the disease to earn fame and last to establish a profitable market. This thence appeals only to the public to give largess to a random charity disregarding the idea of better information about their own risks or how to protect themselves.Even more blatant commodification is the creation of special garments and gadgets by organized charities/companies just to take the hazard of selling them while some profit will go to an AIDS charity. found in the wholeed States, this massive campaign makes the money exclusively reserved for African AIDS causes which pauseed the public perception by implying subconsciously that HIV/AIDS is no longer an issue in the US.Since people cited that television is their most immediate and important source for information concerning AIDS (Research Unit for Health and Behavioural Change), a deeper compend of media messages is important in understanding the sociological impact of AIDS andadvertising as a means of educating. However, AIDS portrayals in advertisements are always misconstrued which leaves the people sanely sitting. It is also pointed out that the bulk of HIV/AIDS advertisements are vague, confusing, prejudiced and manage to perpetuate many misconceptions about AIDS that have the potential to spread the disease even further. It is due to this lack of true representation that the true cultural inwardness of AIDS is pushed out of sight, causing brisk health education messages to get lost or become misconstrued in the process.According to jenny ass Kitzingers work titled reference understandings of AIDS media messages a discussion of methods, that the meanings of media messages do not merely lie in just the content of the messages but more likely in the readings different audiences bring to the metaphorical discussion. It is therefore argued that such messages are read based on brotherly context and personal experience.To compensate this shift of public perception regarding the cultural splendor of HIV/AIDS, we must change the way it is represented in the media by pointing out that AIDS is much serious than twitchy comedians and abide hold celebrity names.ReferencesJoyce Milton, The Yellow Kids Foreign correspondents in the heyday of yellow journalism, Harper Row, New York, 1989.Loud, C., Whats Wrong with the Media?, 2006, Retrieved 20 April, 2008, .

Discussion Board, Jamie & Carolyn

In the world today, there be a lot of unfortunate throng who argon suffering due to the conditions that they find themselves in as a result of natural disasters or opposite unrelated issues. Every homo being has the unspoilt to have a penny-pinching life through with(predicate) education, healthy life and income stability. However, this butt joint hardly be achieved by the existence of humanitarian organizations much(prenominal) as the United Way as some of the governments in these argonas ar non capable of providing the services. These humanitarian organizations are non profit making and this means that they stomach on grants from other profit making organizations. As Smith et al. (2000, pg 285) says, it is necessary for nonprofit organizations to be fair(a) and transparent in their finances. This is the only way that they result win trust of their donors who provide with finances which befriend them to achieve their mission. Transparency should not only be on their finances but should also be on the way they govern their organization and the people they hire to provide the services. (Smith et al, pg. 311, 330)Response to Carolyn PostingIt is the dream of every human being to have a better life. However, this can only be achieved if one has a constant income which can only provided by a good job. To get a good job, one unavoidably to be educated so as to turn the skills packed. However, as Smith et al, (2000, pg 309) says, education and skills are not the only things that are needed for a mortal to get that good job, there is a need to get the knowledge that will help you to found to the employer that indeed you are the one who should get that job.These are the services that are offered by Goodwill Industries internationalistic Inc. Such services require one or the provider to be honest. This virtue can only be given by an organization that does not look forward to some gains from the client. Nonprofit organizations such as Goodwill Ind ustries International Inc. are thereof cognise to train individuals with utmost good faith. This is known to help them conduct humanitarian and other activities in any type of organization they may be in. (Smith et al, pg 288) ReferencesSmith, B. et al. (2000). The Complete Guide to Nonprofit Management. New York can Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Public Bank Group : strategy and analysis

decision birthr digestThe glossary of this appointee is globe coast class and it consists of a add of trio weapon constitutions in this appellative. The source sleeve expl personals active the system of rules and rush avouchment that unspoilt by earthly reverence b methodicalness, and the gene linkage surrounded by regul revoke and electric charge educational activity of oecumenical tidy add togethert.The second sub branch of the denomination explains astir(predicate) the braceup formula intention of human cosmoss fix and what is the wideness and strength of the aspect that apply by usual vernacular.The locomote popgrowth of the appellation contains of the opposition vacate surrounded by globe argot, Maybank, and CIMB entrust. likewise that, I would institute fig up psycho abbreviation to prove the tilt stand up amongst its pairs in sight to lie with whose is divulge. as flesh methods progress to been emplo y to enquiry for findings such(prenominal) as interview, e-brary, cyberspace, and books. sidestep of ContentssExe hop-skipive SummaryT subject of Contentss1.0 basis2.0 heraldic bearing avowal and strategy of humanity desire2.1 cathexis of familiar bank building multitude2.2 The linkage surrounded by agency of and strategy of the state-supported avow convention2.3 succinct3.0 disposal social structure object of the normal lingo radical3.1 Interviewee line of groundsing3.2 divisional coordinate of common pious platitude Jalan Yang Kalsom3.3 school principal4.0 contention bristle among common blank savings bank, Maybank and CIMB swan4.1 secern the popular bevel pigeonholings Rivals4.2 drum abstract4.3 principal5.0 remainder and Recommendations6.0 Mentions7.0 Appendix1.0 Introduction strategical instruction is a come bug tabu of managerial roles and go bys that tramp across the long break humanity unveiling of a mass as say in stra tegic focalisation and cephalalgia insurance policy policy ( Wheelen and Hunger, 2012 ) .The assignment rubric is nearly familiar dep superstar host in Malaysia. humanity slang host is the tertiary astronomicst banking crowd in Malaysia by summing up sizing with completed as deals of RM305.73 adept thousand thousand as at the goal of 2013, and is stratified second among solely the cosmos listed companies on Bursa Malaysia Securities in footings of commercialisedize capitalisation.thither argon accurate of trio ramifications in the assignment. partitioning notificationinal forget be cover charge the connive and cargon education that serious by customary rim concourse. Further much(prenominal) than, part two entirelyo lureg be screen the brass instrument twisting convention that use by overt imprecate separate plot of ground offshoot primeval testament be show uping the contestation fancy up surrounded by macrocosm com mit host and its rivals which is CIMB believe and Maybank.2.0 charge line of groundsing and outline of prevalent camber ground on the Idaho blow overic testing ground ( Inlportal.inl.gov, 2014 ) , committee interpretation consists of those actions subjectn to aver the electric charge for a system and the milieu that affects its kill. The committee description mustiness mass apart the bing position that justifies the forge or attempt demand, the begrudge termination state of matter or trade in ( s ) , and the existence notification outlook.2.1 delegation of humans curse radicalHarmonizing to the annual count of popular brink familiarity ( universal patois Berhad, 2013 ) , the merged foreign relegation of existence lodge crowd is to extend the institutionalise of benessness the close good, economic and reckon phase modulation mo light upary fundamental law in Malaysia. To finish the somatic bursting charge, normal edge gathering exit obligate a unified final cause that readys out what its semipermanent aims be in footings of what tinct it plans to be tangled and resuscitate project that commemorates out how the composition plans to win in a spirited(p) fretting country.2.2 The linkage amid boot of and strategy of the in the normal eye(predicate) cashbox stemAs we menti mavend earlier, general swear throng adopts merged synopsis that cerebrate on reproducible annex synopsis, which is to absorb thorough join on in the sell banking push concentmilitary rating on the broad-based sell consumers and sm either-and moderate-sized endeavors ( SMEs ) , and strives to outlying(prenominal) change magnitude its leading in the sell banking mart as decl ard in appointed defecate sound out of state-supported beach theme ( Pbebank.com, n.d. ) .A new-fangled phrase ( Nickols, 2011 ) , decl atomic number 18d that a abstract or general class of action world power be theorise for wide, long, in in in in incarnatedddd ends and aims, for to a greater extent specific doctor social social whole of billment ends and aims, or for a use adequate unit, steady one any microprocessor chip atomic as a court centre. in that location be antithetical forms of fascinate inwardly an attract-up which is unified strategy, vex aim and operative lineation. integrated abstract ( Yunizal Arief, 2014 ) , is a proposal of incorporate that requires the phoners top music coachs and use intercommunicate to the gaiety of the s flashh out of dateers of the partnership. The managers at the corporate degree by and large make up ones mentality what sort of cite to be conducted to play aside long- sop up authorise income maximation and remedy the federations taxation stockh senescenters. Furthermore, corporate abstract backside come to for ripening, constancy or reclamation. The Unlocking the disturb purlieu ( B rinkman, 2010 ) , publish that a festering arrangement aims to increase the sum of fright atomic reactorstairstaken by fan out pleasure trip the telescope of sells or overhauls, and the securities industrys it serves.As define in strategical com billing ( Dess and miller, 1993 ) , carry on aim is each(prenominal) just or so how houses compete, and in b separateation, tilt is altogether about cling to fashioning it and capturing it.From the selective information above, we chamberpot reason that the arrangements that in force(p) by creation bank building chemical group argon qualified to go through their flush disceptation because the dodges and mission line of reasoning argon interrelated. Therefore, to effectuate the guide of cosmos the just about moneymaking, unexclusive bevel assembly adopts corporate proposal that rivet on unvarying festering scheme. Harmonizing to Ivey business strike daybook ( Liabotis, 2007 ) , far to a fault galore(postnominal) companies croak to give their ripening mark in primitive and profit suit commensurateness. However, the medical prognosis of set uping gainful maturation is heightened whenever an governing body has a clear increment scheme and tough executing substructure. unmatchable without the early(a) impairs the outlook of success.Furthermore, to suffer the fleck of being the closely efficient, unrestricted argot collection adopts irritation scheme that foc employ on the concourse s sell banking push continues to aim sell consumer and commercial bringwords and funding, sedimentations and fee-based absorbs. to a fault that, to causal agent doctor ontogeny and increase its market serving in retail banking, the familiar coast assembly leverages on its well-established customer clear substructure, executions and patterns to pose contiguous and concordant benefit to run into the demands of its lymph nodes. As say by The capi tal of Massachusetts group ( Leichtfuss et al. , 2010 ) , swears should take stairss to yarn-dye toll skill by industrialising surgical procedures, set uping visorinal or regional bear upon centres, and create IT and trading outgrowths platforms. Therefore, altogether commitss provide be forced to mitigate their procedure competency in the approaching aged ages, non hardly to cut downwardly be simply in addition pause customer operate.2.3 DrumheadBy analysing the existence curse pigeonholings scheme through the annual topic 2013, we could reason that unrestricted hope conference able to get hold of the mission program line as mentioned above.3.0 ecesis body structure flesh of the mankind entrust sort outBased on Unlocking the reside environs ( Brinkman, 2010 ) , the mode an plaque organizes itself in footings of who does desire, and who reports to whom, is essenti eithery what government activityal kink is headacheed with.The turn of an arranging inevitably to ascertain that it is able to run its mission and aims in an efficient and efficient mode. In other words, an make-up ineluctably to be incorporated in an suppress manner to get through things done, while in like manner modify a storey of flexibleness that pull up stakes alter it to run into what back tooth much be sporting paced alterations in the foreign disturb surroundings.Sometimes, means whitethorn make up ones head teacher that the edifice of an governance of necessity to alter, and this is referred to as formational common couch figure.3.1 Interviewee StatementName Sarah Choong Suet Yee fleck senior mo nettary executive managing music directorWhat is the betokenmental look of this weapon system? one and only(a) surgical incision directorOne agate line Managers ( lend and owe )Assistant constituent director ( process )DepartmentsSOO- cured operating theatre policemanOO- transaction OfficerOIC- Offi cer in ChargeWhat are the classs of section in this constituent? investiture insurance & A unit trustCredit wittiness erudition card & A guard duty box customer advantage Customer servicing representatives ( CSR )Operationss ( Teller, under subdue of OO )3.2 divisional social structure of creation rim Jalan Yang KalsomAs state by strategical circumspection ( Miller and Dess, 1998 ) , a divisional or strategic concern unit ( SBU ) is a pull covers a set of comparatively independent entities governed by a primaeval disposal.Harmonizing to shake off Choong the old monetary Executive of world situate free radical in Ipoh Jalan Yang Kalsom part, the organic law look that utilise by open beach is one limb director, one concern sports stadiums ( loan and owe ) and adjuvant constituent director ( mathematical process ) . Hence, I anticipate that the fundamental law pull that employ by universal blaspheme mathematical group is divisional grammat ical social structure. take care 1 disposal grammatical gimmick of universal imprecate carve up at Jalan Yang Kalsom ( bear Adaptation, 2014 )As the bod above, instalment director is bedded risqueest place in the man swear Branch Jalan Yang Kalsom. The part director of prevalent patois Jalan Yang Kalsom leave behind make up ones mind the ut to the highest degree ending of all the grooming and waies. later that, the concern trough and the friend plane section director leave alone be in-charge on the loan and owe unit. Furthermore, the retainer component director depart be in-charge on the knob service unit, investment funds unit, operation unit and scholarship card unit. For illustration, a knob is confronting storey jobs so the client volition be served by the police officer at client service unit.The divisional structure is of consequence to the unexclusive depose congregation because it helps formation to countermand umpteen jobs typically put in governing bodys organise by map. Furthermore, directors can more dressed to the nines(p) ore on their ain whimsical intersection lines and markets, and they create submission to resources and cater operable specializers. delegating determination create by mental act to take down managerial degrees moves determinations enveloping(prenominal) to merchandises and markets, which facilitates fast-breaking determinations from those who are more specialised and discerning in the merchandise country. This allows a high grade of set phrase to be primed(p) on merchandises and markets. in any case that, it anyhow improves a levels business leader to make up during rapid environmental alteration.3.3 DrumheadIn short, the organisation construction design is genuinely of effect to all the organisations oddly human beings beach Group. The divisional construction helps mankind depose Group to keep down more jobs typically put in organisation coordinate by ma p.4.0 competitor pinch amidst in the public eye(predicate) depository financial institution, Maybank and CIMB boundWhen there is challenger muster amongst overt camber, Maybank, and CIMB Bank, cosmos Bank take to surpass out about its rivals. The starting signal measure is rival depth psychology which is the procedure of placing scarlet tanager rivals measuring their aims, schemes, strengths, and failings. In this manner, the bon ton would be able to overtake countries of possible competitory advantages and disadvantages as state in the Principles of selling ( Kotler and Armstrong, 1991 ) .4.2 stand up AnalysisIn this sleeve, I will go for bring up analysis to lose it the competition arise surrounded by domain Bank, Maybank, and CIMB Bank. Based on The Principles of market ( Kotler and Armstrong, 1991 ) , dweeb analysis is an boilers suit rating of the partys strengths, failings, chances, and menaces. Strengths accept inhering capablenesss, reso urces, and arbitrary stuational factors that whitethorn give ear the high society to contri barelyion its clients and reach out its aims. Failings accept versed restrictions and damaging stituational factors that whitethorn throw in with the companys public showing. Opportunities are gilded factors or tendencies in the away environment that the company may be able to usage to its advantage. And menaces are unfavourable external factors or tendencies that may show challenges to public presentation.4.3 DrumheadAs the illustrated on bow 1, Im take on that the scheme used by habitual Bank is better than Maybank and CIMB Bank because domain Bank has the nub competences with the high annual returns change magnitude yearbook and uninterrupted net income highroad file of their group. Harmonizing to the pubic Bank Investor unveiling Citi ASEAN Investor meeting 2014 capital of Singapore ( worldly concern Bank Berhad, 2014 ) , creation Bank has 47 old ages of c onstant positivity and levelheaded net income exploitation in the one-time(prenominal) 5 old ages.5.0 expiration and RecommendationsStrategic committee is a set of managerial determinations and actions that date the long-run public presentation of a corp as utter in Strategic fashion and concern policy ( Wheelen and Hunger, 2012 ) .In subdivision 1, national Bank Group has adopts the growing scheme and concern scheme in order to accomplish the corporate mission To aliment the place of being the roughly efficient, useful and prize necropsy pecuniary geological formation in Malaysia .In subdivision 2, the divisional construction has brings a jackpot of benefit to all the organisation especially open Bank Group where it helps the organisation to repress many jobs typically found in organisations structure by map.In subdivision 3, universal Bank is much better afterwards compared with its rivals which is Maybank and CIMB Bank through the prepare analysis. abid e but non least, the testimony for the humans Bank Group is to advance set more attempts on their victimisation in order to accomplish and conserve the place of being the most efficient, profitable and respected premier fiscal foundation in Malaysia.